5G PDU Session Establishment — Find the QoS Flow Setup Failure

A subscriber on an industrial-automation slice reports that their device gets authenticated and registered but fails to establish a data session. No packets flow. As the SMF on-call engineer, you've captured the SBA + N4 signalling trace between AMF (10.45.0.1), SMF (10.45.0.3), UPF (10.50.0.5) and UDM (10.45.0.4). The UE is trying to set up PDU session 5 on DNN `factory.iot`, S-NSSAI `02-000001` (SST=2 URLLC, SD=000001). Registration and authentication succeeded earlier — what's in this trace is everything from the NAS "PDU Session Establishment Request" onward. Your job: find why the PDU session setup fails at the 5QI / QoS flow stage, pinpoint the exact packet where the user plane says "no", and decide whether this is a policy/subscription misconfiguration or a UPF capability issue the NOC needs to route around.