5G NR operates across two broad spectrum ranges. Sub-6 GHz (FR1: 410 MHz to 7.125 GHz) provides wide-area coverage with moderate bandwidth — ideal for urban macro cells and suburban coverage. Millimeter wave (FR2: 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz) offers enormous bandwidth (up to 400 MHz per carrier) but limited range and poor penetration through walls and foliage.