Pricing, BoM, and TCO presentation

Telecom Pricing Models

Vendors use diverse pricing models, often combining multiple. Per-NF instance — pricing per AMF, SMF, UPF deployed. Simple to understand but penalizes growth. Per-subscriber — pricing per concurrent registered or active subscriber, often tiered with discounts at higher scales. Common for control-plane NFs. Per-session — pricing per active PDU session or per BHCA (busy hour call attempts), used by some vendors for SMF/UPF. Perpetual license — pay upfront, own indefinitely with annual maintenance fees (typically 18-22% of license cost). Subscription/SaaS — recurring monthly or annual fee,…