Performance budgets — RAN, control plane, user plane

Budgets Cascade from 3GPP Requirements

Performance budgets in 5GC are derived from end-to-end 3GPP service requirements and cascade down to individual NF constraints. URLLC use cases mandate 1 ms end-to-end user-plane latency (TS 22.261 §7.5). Of that budget, the air interface typically claims 0.5 ms. The remaining 500 microseconds covers RAN backhaul, transport network, and UPF processing — meaning the UPF itself must contribute well under 100 microseconds. eMBB use cases tolerate 10 ms but increasingly users expect 1-3 ms for interactive applications. On the control plane, UE registration is expected to complete within 100 ms…