QoS for voice: 5QI=1 and dedicated QoS flow

Two QoS Flows for Voice

VoNR requires two distinct QoS flows within the same PDU session. The default QoS flow carries IMS SIP signaling using 5QI=5, a non-GBR flow suitable for the relatively low-bandwidth, delay-tolerant signaling messages. The dedicated voice QoS flow carries the actual voice RTP media using 5QI=1, a GBR (Guaranteed Bit Rate) flow with strict quality parameters. The 5QI=1 parameters are: Priority Level 20, Packet Delay Budget 100ms, Packet Error Rate 10 to the minus 2, and guaranteed bitrate reservation. This GBR guarantee means the network reserves bandwidth for the voice stream.