Phase vs frequency vs time-of-day synchronization

Frequency Synchronization

Frequency synchronization ensures that all network elements operate at the same clock rate — the same number of clock ticks per second — without concern for absolute time alignment. The ITU-T G.811 primary reference clock specifies frequency accuracy of plus or minus one part in ten to the eleventh. Frequency sync is required for FDD systems to maintain the carrier frequency within tolerance, preventing inter-carrier interference. SyncE provides frequency distribution through the physical layer, while PTP can also deliver frequency through its timestamp exchange. Frequency synchronization…