NTN roaming: satellite as visited PLMN, SLA management

Satellite Roaming Architecture

When a mobile subscriber moves beyond terrestrial coverage and connects through a satellite, the network must determine how to authenticate, authorize, and bill the user. The 3GPP NTN roaming architecture treats the satellite network operator as a visited PLMN, analogous to how international roaming works between terrestrial operators. The subscriber home network maintains the subscription profile while the satellite visited network provides radio access. Signaling between home and visited networks flows through standard roaming interfaces, enabling operators to offer satellite connectivity…