5G antenna types: passive panels vs active AAU

Passive Panel Antennas

5G networks use two fundamentally different antenna approaches. Passive panel antennas are traditional designs: a separate antenna array connected to a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) via RF jumper cables. Used for FDD low-band and mid-band (n1, n3, n28) with 2T2R or 4T4R configurations. The antenna housing contains no active electronics — just radiating elements and a feed network. Weight is 8–15 kg (antenna only, plus 20–30 kg for RRU). Passive panels support Remote Electrical Tilt (RET) for remote downtilt adjustment. They offer lower cost and simpler maintenance than active alternatives.