Propagation models for 5G

Choosing the Right Propagation Model

Propagation models predict how radio signals attenuate over distance — choosing the right model is critical for accurate coverage predictions. Okumura-Hata (valid 150–1500 MHz) works for low-band 5G like n28 at 700 MHz. COST-231 Hata extends coverage to 2000 MHz for mid-band deployments. However, 3GPP TR 38.901 is the standard for 5G NR planning — it covers all bands from 0.5 to 100 GHz with environment-specific sub-models: UMa (urban macro, BS height 25m), UMi (urban micro, 10m), RMa (rural macro, 35m), and InH (indoor hotspot, 3m).