xApp testing: E2 simulator, mock RAN, integration testing

E2 Simulator for Development Testing

The O-RAN SC E2 simulator provides a software-based E2 node that xApp developers use for testing without physical RAN equipment. The simulator implements E2AP and one or more E2 Service Models, connecting to the near-RT RIC E2 termination over SCTP just like a real gNB-CU or gNB-DU would. During E2 Setup, it advertises configurable RAN functions. When an xApp subscribes to KPM reports, the simulator generates synthetic measurement data — either randomized within realistic bounds or replayed from captured traces. For RC testing, the simulator accepts control requests and returns configurable…