3GPP AI/ML framework: Rel-18/19 study items, normative work, functional framework

Rel-18 Study Item: AI/ML for NR Air Interface

The 3GPP journey toward standardized AI-RAN began with the Rel-18 Study Item on AI/ML for NR Air Interface, documented in TR 38.843. This study evaluated three primary use cases: CSI feedback enhancement using AI, beam management with ML prediction, and positioning accuracy improvement. For each use case, 3GPP assessed performance gains, complexity impact, and specification requirements. The study concluded that AI/ML offers significant gains across all three areas but identified key challenges: model interoperability between vendors, UE capability signaling, model transfer mechanisms, and…