Data sources: PM counters, MDT, call traces, OSS alarms, topology, config

Performance Management Counters and MDT

PM counters are the backbone of twin data ingestion. Every gNB reports hundreds of counters — RSRP distributions, throughput per cell, PRB utilization, handover success rates — typically aggregated over 15-minute intervals. Minimization of Drive Tests provides UE-side measurements that fill coverage gaps PM counters miss. MDT reports include detailed RSRP, RSRQ, and SINR measurements geotagged with UE location, giving the twin a ground-truth view of RF conditions as experienced by actual subscribers. Together, PM and MDT data form the quantitative foundation the twin model engine uses for…