CNF design principles: stateless, horizontally scalable, 12-factor

Applying the Twelve-Factor Methodology to Telecom

The twelve-factor app methodology, originally developed for cloud-native web applications, provides a rigorous blueprint for building network functions that are portable, scalable, and operationally excellent. These principles mandate that CNFs store configuration in environment variables rather than code, treat backing services as attached resources, and maintain strict separation between build, release, and run stages. For telecom operators, adopting these factors means network functions become vendor-agnostic, easier to automate, and resilient to infrastructure changes that are inevitable…