Network energy savings: Rel-18 cell DTX/DRX, SSB-less operation

The Energy Challenge in 5G Networks

Network energy consumption is a critical concern for operators deploying dense 5G networks. A typical 64T64R massive MIMO base station consumes 3-4 kW — roughly three times more than a comparable 4G site. With operators targeting carbon neutrality by 2030-2040, Rel-18 introduces a comprehensive energy saving framework. The approach is multi-layered: cell-level DTX/DRX allows the gNB to enter micro-sleep states during idle periods, SSB-less or SSB-reduced operation eliminates always-on reference signal overhead when traffic is minimal, and symbol/slot-level shutdown provides fine-grained power…